Python Operators
In Python, operators are distinct symbols designed to execute operations on variables and values. Their classification is based on their specific functionality:
Arithmetic Operators
These operators facilitate arithmetic computations between two operands, which can be either variables or values.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| + | Addition | a+b |
| - | Subtraction | a-b |
| * | Multiplication | a*b |
| / | Division | a/b |
| % | Remainder | a%b |
| ** | Exponentiation | a**b |
| // | Floor Division (returns the integer portion of the result) | a//b |
Comparison Operators
Such operators produce a boolean outcome (True or False) based on a comparison.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| == | Equal to | a==b |
| != | Not equal to | a!=b |
| < | Less than | a<b |
| > | Greater than | a>b |
| <= | Less than or equal to | a<=b |
| >= | Greater than or equal to | a>=b |
Logical Operators
These are foundational in boolean logic, yielding a boolean result (True or False).
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| and | True if both expressions are true | a and b |
| or | True if either expression is true | a or b |
| not | True if the expression is false | not a |
Assignment Operators
They are employed to allocate a value to a variable.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| = | Assign a value | a=1 |
| += | Increment and assign | a+=1 |
| -= | Decrement and assign | a-=1 |
| *= | Multiply and assign | a*=2 |
| /= | Divide and assign | a/=2 |
| %= | Assign remainder | a%=2 |
| //= | Assign floor division | a//=2 |
| **= | Assign exponentiation | a**=2 |
Operatori bitwise
These are the primary bitwise operators.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| & | AND | a&b |
| | | OR | a|b |
| ^ | XOR | a^b |
| ~ | NOT | ~a |
| << | Left shift | a<<1 |
| >> | Right shift | a>>1 |
For a more comprehensive insight, consider reading our tutorial on left and right bit shift operations.
Identity Operators
They determine if two variables point to an identical object, returning a boolean value (True/False).
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| is | True if both variables point to the same object | a is b |
| is not | True if the variables don't point to the same object | a is not b | a is not b |
Membership Operators
These operators ascertain if a value is part of an object, returning a boolean value (True/False).
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| in | True if the specified value exists within the object | a in b |
| not in | True if the specified value doesn't exist within the object | a not in b | a is not b |
These operators are integral to Python programming. Each has its unique role, and their application varies based on the program's requirements.
